The United States has introduced restrictions on the export of advanced AI chips, a decision that is likely to create a sharp division among EU member states. Seventeen countries, including Poland and Romania, will face restrictions on access to this strategic technology, while ten others, including Italy and France, will be exempt.

Which countries can obtain AI chips without restrictions?

A small group of 18 nations, considered close allies of the United States, will be able to purchase AI chips without any caps. According to official US administration sources, these countries are: Australia, Belgium, Great Britain, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Spain, Sweden and Taiwan, in addition to the US itself.

EU concerns

The European Commission reacted strongly through a joint statement by Executive Vice President Henna Virkkunen and Commissioner Maroš Šefčovič:

“We are concerned about the measures taken by the US, which restrict export access to advanced AI chips for some EU Member States and their companies. We believe it is also in the economic and security interest of the US that the EU can purchase AI chips without restrictions. We have already voiced these concerns to the current US administration and stand ready to work with the next one to find solutions that ensure a secure transatlantic supply chain.”

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Global implications

President Joe Biden decided to impose these restrictions to counter the risk that the technology could be misused or end up in military systems, particularly in China. The strategy includes a tiered system: a group of 18 nations will have free access to advanced chips, while others will face strict limits.

According to Philippe Notton, CEO of the French company Sipearl:

“This decision is a further wake-up call for Europe to reduce its dependence on US suppliers.”

The European Appeal

European officials fear that the restrictions could slow down the technological development of the affected countries and undermine the unity of the bloc. The appeal to the US is clear: review the restrictions and maintain a cooperative approach.

Strategic Context

On Monday, the White House reiterated the importance of maintaining US technological leadership:

“It is essential that global AI is developed on an American basis and that this critical technology is not relocated.”

However, the new restrictions hint at an uncertain future for transatlantic relations in the technology sector.

This decision represents a crucial challenge for Europe, which now faces the task of strengthening its technological independence and defining a common strategy to compete in a sector dominated by the US and China.